1. Acquisition: The process where the data are captured.
a.
EICAS/ECAM – where the operation data are
processed and displayed
b.
Flight Data Recorder (FDRS) mandatory data are
recorded for investigation purpose.
c.
Central Maint System (CMS) – monitor BITE data
for record of system failures
d.
Aircraft Condition Monitoring (ACMS) – record
operation data to monitor engines and aircraft performance.
2.
Consolidation – 2 or more data to be
consolidated.
a.
Normal – ECAM display data, ACMS and FDRS
permanently recors
b.
Anomaly – ECAM displays anomaly, CMS records
BITE system failure.
3.
Retrieval – How do you retrieve the data.
a.
MCDU – multipurpose Control Display Unit in the
cockpit
b.
ECAM/EICAS displays in the centre panel.
c.
Download System
d.
ACARS
e.
FDR
4.
Analysis
a.
Minor trouble shooting with the help of
EICAS/ECAM, CMS (via MCDU and ACARSA)
b.
Major trouble shooting with CMS and ACMS
c.
Long term monitoring through ACMS and FDR.
Built
In Test Equipment (BITE)
The
LRUs such as computers, sensors, actuators, probes etc are monitored by computers. These LRUs cab be
tested for trouble shooting. Part of the computer is allocatted to do the BITE
test. In some multi- computer system, a dedicated computer is allotted for this
purpose.
Under
normal operation, the system monitors faults.
-
Fault detected – either permanent or
intermittent
-
Isolation – The BITE able to detect and capture
the moment of failure. The failed LRU is suggested.
-
Memory – non volatile memory
-
Concept – the fault memory sent to centralized maintenance
devices. The test can be done from centralized maintenance panel.
o
Main advantages
§
Single interface (cockpit)
§
Easy fault indentification
§
Simplify documentation
§
Standardize equipment.
TEST
1.
Power Up Test -
The safety test executed on
ground after long power cut. If in flight the power up test is limited in order
not to interfere with the operation.
a.
Typical test
i.
Test microprocessor
ii.
Test memories
iii.
Test ARINC 429
iv.
Test I/O
circuit
2.
Cyclic Test – Carried out continuously. It does
not affect operation. E.g watchdog test
– where it restart the operation of a microprocessors.
3.
System Test -
For ground staff to test the system
4.
Specific Tests – Generate simulated signal to
the aircraft systems. E.g move control surfaces.
Central Maintenance
System (CMS)
1.
Also known as Centralized Fault Display System.
It consists of 1 or 2 CMC computers and a/c BITE system
2.
CMC
interface with…
-
MCDUs
-
Printer
-
ACARS
-
Data Loader (MDDU)
3.
CFDIU ( centralized fault display interface unit)-
Scan the buses for fault, if the BITE fault is detected, the CMC and CFDIU copy
and store it.
4.
Printer – Most of the CMS reports can be
printed. This is PFR post flight report.
5.
ACARS
6.
MDDU – multipurpose disk drive unit.
Condition
Monitoring (aircraft condition monitoring system)
Used to monitor engine and Apu performance and for trouble
shooting. Retrieved through MCDUs.
1.
Architecture – consist of…
a.
DMU – Data management unit - collect and process
data
b.
FDIU – flight data interface units – part of the
DFDR system that sends some of the
DFDR data to DMU.
c.
DMU functions of SAR -
d.
DAR – Digital ACMS Recorder
e.
MCDU – online display, list of SAR files and
request SAR/ DAR records
f.
Printer –
g.
ACARS
Ground
Support Equipment (GSE)
Data Loading
The uploading and download can be done either with MDDU –
multipurpose disk drive or portable data loader.
MDDU operate in two modes, auto and manual.
-
Auto – for down and upload.
-
Manual – for down load.
MDDU consists of
-
Power supply, inputs and outputs devices, Disk
drives
-
LCD windows
-
Protective door.
DATA LOADING SYSTEM
Electronic Library
-
Part of the efforts towards paperless operation.
-
Data for flight crews, maintenance and cabin
crews, organized in task oriented
-
Linked to the onboard maintenance system for a
better trouble shooting.
-
The ground operations have extensive use of
information management system.
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